Mystery of Synchronized Keyword

'Synchronized' keyword is used to ensure that only one thread access a code block or a method at a time. It is very important keyword in multi-threaded programming. In multi-threaded programming, multiple threads work on the same code blocks simultaneously. But there can be some code blocks which manipulate shared data. So if multiple threads executes the same code and try to manipulate the same data, it can results in inconsistent result. For example:

public class TestSynchronized {

private int i;

// suppose param value is 5
public void testMethod( int param)
{
    // thread update i to 5
    // simultaneously other thread enters the block and update i to 10 before first thread would be able to            
    // execute next statement
    i = i + param;

    // result is expected to be 25
    // but result comes to 50, as second thread updates i to 10 before first thread executes the multiple
    //statement

    int result = i*5;

    System.println.out("thread[" + Thread.currentThread + "] result[" + result  + "]");
    i = 0;
}

}